{"id":26447,"date":"2024-07-27T13:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-27T19:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dh.durangoherald.com\/tj\/here-is-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-bird-flu-outbreak-in-colorado\/"},"modified":"2024-07-27T19:30:00","modified_gmt":"2024-07-27T19:30:00","slug":"here-is-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-bird-flu-outbreak-in-colorado","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dh.durangoherald.com\/tj\/here-is-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-bird-flu-outbreak-in-colorado\/","title":{"rendered":"Here is everything you need to know about the bird flu outbreak in Colorado"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"FILE
FILE – Chickens stand in their cages at a farm, in Iowa, Nov. 16, 2009. Four more people, all Colorado poultry workers, have been diagnosed with bird flu infections, health officials said late Sunday, June 14, 2024. The new cases are the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth in the United States diagnosed with the bird flu, which so far has caused mild illness in humans. (AP Photo\/Charlie Neibergall, File)<\/span>dur-i-syn<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Colorado is leading the nation in human cases of the H5 bird flu and millions of poultry in the state have been killed to stop the threat of the virus. It also has hit dairy cows in the state.<\/p>\n

What does this mean for the general public? What about all the county and state fairs that show off chicken and cows?<\/p>\n

What exactly is bird flu?<\/div>\n

Avian influenza, also called H5 bird flu or H5N1, is a highly pathogenic avian influenza. It\u2019s widespread in wild birds around the globe. It\u2019s responsible for outbreaks in poultry and dairy cows in Colorado and the U.S., with double digit recent human cases in agricultural workers.<\/p>\n

The virus is found in an infected bird\u2019s feces and fluids from the bird\u2019s mouth, eyes and nose, according to the CDC.<\/p>\n

It can cause severe respiratory symptoms.<\/p>\n

What is the risk to people?<\/div>\n

The viruses don\u2019t usually infect people, according to the CDC, but can happen if you come into contact with an infected bird, dead or alive and touch your eyes, nose or mouth, touch surfaces or handles item contaminated and tough your eyes, nose or mouth, or breath virus-contaminated dust or droplets.<\/p>\n

If you get sick from it, symptoms range from none to severe illness. Mild symptoms include conjunctivitis (red eye), cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches and tiredness. Among more serious symptoms are high fever, shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. Severe illness can result in pneumonia that may require hospitalization and can lead to death, though that\u2019s only to date happened in other countries, not the U.S.<\/p>\n

Most at risk are people working with infected poultry, waterfowl, including ducks and geese and livestock.<\/p>\n

Can I get H5 bird flu from eating dairy, chicken or eggs?<\/div>\n

It is safe to eat properly handled and cooked poultry products, according to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE). The proper handling and cooking of poultry, meat, and eggs kills bacteria and viruses, including bird flu viruses.<\/p>\n

People should separate raw poultry from cooked foods and foods that won’t be cooked.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe (the state health department) and CDC believe that the risk continues to be low here for the general public,\u201d said Dr. Rachel Herlihy, the state public health researcher with CDPHE.<\/p>\n

Many experts and health agencies advise against consuming raw milk. \u201cAlways choose pasteurized milk and dairy products to protect your health and the health of your family,\u201d the CDC wrote on its webpage regarding raw, or unpasteurized, milk.<\/p>\n

The CDC suggests health care providers tell patients raw milk and any products made from it, including cheese, ice cream, and yogurt \u201ccan be contaminated with germs that can cause serious illness, hospitalization, or death.\u201d<\/p>\n

The risk to the general public is low, so should I be worried?<\/div>\n

The more virus out in farms or the wild, the greater the chance it will infect other animals, including humans. Also, more infections means a greater possibility that virus could mutate into a much more serious threat, one that could cause a pandemic.<\/p>\n

\u201cH5N1 registers as what we call \u2018a virus with pandemic potential,\u2019\u201d according to the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Unlike other flu viruses, humans have no preexisting immunity to H5 viruses. \u201cTherefore, similar to what we saw with COVID, in the worst case scenario, if this virus enters humans and starts to spread, all of us are susceptible, and we could see massive increases in numbers of cases.\u201d<\/p>\n

May Chu, an public health researcher and clinical professor from the Colorado School of Public Health, said that\u2019s one key reason infected poultry are culled: to limit rapid spread through a flock that could then be transmitted to humans.<\/p>\n

\u201cYou can nip it before it gets into the human population widely,\u201d she said. \u201cThat is the best public health protection.\u201d<\/p>\n

But what about people who work on dairy farms or in egg-laying facilities?<\/div>\n

The state health department cited the CDC and said that people who work on those farms are at higher risk of being exposed to H5 bird flu.<\/p>\n

And that is showing up in Colorado.<\/p>\n

As of Thursday, the state health department said it has recorded a total of 10 cases; six at one poultry operation and three at another. That\u2019s in addition to the case of a dairy worker earlier this month, the state\u2019s first case this year.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe risk to the general public is still low. We are only seeing this in workers with direct contact with these animals,\u201d said Scott Bookman, senior director for Public Health Readiness and Response with the CDPHE.<\/p>\n

People who are in close contact with dairy and egg-laying facility workers who tested positive are being monitored as well, said Herlihy.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe want to know if there is any illness among household contacts,\u201d Herlihy said. \u201cThat would obviously be a concerning scenario. So the folks that have closest contact with an ill worker would be our highest priority, and that has not been identified to date.\u201d<\/p>\n

Herlihy said there has been no sign of the virus spreading via human-to-human transmission.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe’ve been tracking this virus since 2022, and during that time we have not seen evidence of person-to-person transmission,\u201d she said.\u201cWe know that there’s going to be increased exposure in certain industries, including the poultry industry and on dairy farms right now.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe also have had behavioral health services out there, not only working with our teams, but working with the workers out on site to ensure that if folks are struggling, that we’ve got people out there they can talk with,\u201d said the agency\u2019s Bookman. \u201cWe also have our Agricultural Workers service program that has been out the last couple of days as well.\u201d<\/p>\n

Colorado is providing up to four weeks of free PPE (personal protective equipment) to farmworkers, according to its website. There it also offers updated situation reports, links to a webinar via YouTube. A link for poultry owners, veterinarians and backyard, hobby and commercial products to report, in English or Spanish, information about sick or dead animals.<\/p>\n

Similar resources are also available on the state\u2019s website for HPAI in dairy cattle. That includes information about the state order regarding licensed dairy cow farms in the state to submit weekly milk samples for testing. Farmworkers can also order free PPE from the site.<\/p>\n

Workers are also getting information, testing and monitoring from health providers visiting the facilities via mobile clinics. \u201cWe outreach to seasonal workers, migrant workers, and other workers that may have a hard time, because of their work schedules, to come in,\u201d said Dr. Mark Wallace of Chief Clinical Officer for Sunrise Community Health.<\/p>\n

I\u2019m going to my county or the state fair, do I need to be worried?<\/div>\n

While your risk of coming into contact with a sick animal at the fair is low, there are things you can do to protect yourself.<\/p>\n

\u201cFor the general public, what I would say to anybody at all times is wash your hands. Don’t touch your mouth, don’t put your hands on your face. Things like that,\u201d Scott Bookman said.<\/p>\n

For animals, the state veterinarian\u2019s office did put out guidance for poultry and dairy cows that recommended monitoring animals for signs of illness. The office said if you are bringing lactating dairy cattle to a show or event of some kind, that they should be tested within seven days of arrival.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe know that there’s no such thing as no risk,\u201d Baldwin said. \u201cWhat we’re trying to get to is low risk. And so testing within that seven day time frame will help us be assured that at that time of that test, that cow was not shedding virus. So I think we are putting that in place and we’re asking show and fair and event organizers to implement that guidance and require testing for those lactating dairy cattle going to fairs.\u201d<\/p>\n

As for poultry, the state won\u2019t require testing because poultry show obvious signs of illness when infected with H5 bird flu.<\/p>\n

\u201cAll of the animals, when they get to the fairgrounds, are inspected,\u201d said Baldwin, the state veterinarian. \u201cSo we’ve got teams from CSU, the CSU avian health diagnostic team that goes out and they do at a number of the fairs across the state, they’ll do inspections at check-in for all of the poultry coming to those events.\u201d<\/p>\n

Some veterinarians and agricultural experts nationally are recommending farmers not bringing lactating cows to fairs \u201cGiven the high risk posed by lactating dairy cattle to other cattle, the rest of the exhibition community, and the public, lactating dairy cattle should not attend exhibitions including county and state fairs, at this time,\u201d according to a paper published by the University of Minnesota Extension and its College of Veterinary Medicine.<\/p>\n

Can my pets get H5 bird flu?<\/div>\n

The risk to domestic animals is lower than in birds, but cats or dogs could become infected. That can happen when they go outside and eat or are exposed to sick or dead birds infected with bird flu viruses. That risk extends to an environment contaminated with infected bird feces.<\/p>\n

People should keep their pets away from wild birds and from areas contaminated with the virus.<\/p>\n

If you suspect your pet may have been exposed to H5 bird flu, and is showing symptoms of illness, contact your veterinarian and monitor yourself for symptoms.<\/p>\n

If I work on a farm, how do I protect myself?<\/div>\n

Farmworkers can protect themselves by wearing protective clothing \u2013 like coveralls, gloves, face masks or shields, and goggles \u2013 when working with sick or dead animals, manure, or milk, according to the state\u2019s website. The state also suggests washing hands with soap and water throughout the day, especially before eating, drinking or smoking, and before going home. They recommend cleaning areas that have come in contact with animals, manure or milk and using chemical disinfectants effective against viruses.<\/p>\n

If you work animals suspected or confirmed to have H5 bird flu and you start to feel sick, call CDPHE at 303-692-2700 (after normal business hours: 303-370-9395). The Department can help you get a flu test and medicine if you need it.<\/p>\n

If you have questions about sick or dead animals on the farm, ask your farm manager and veterinarian.<\/p>\n

How did H5 bird flu start?<\/div>\n

The bird flu has been circulating in the migratory bird populations for the last two and a half years. Colorado State Veterinarian Maggie Baldwin said it has historically impacted the state\u2019s poultry operations.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have seen peaks and valleys of incursions because the virus has come in with migratory birds and typically leaves with migratory birds,\u201d Baldwin said.<\/p>\n

How does H5 bird flu affect birds?<\/div>\n

The mortality rates for birds that are infected are between 90% and 100 percent. That\u2019s what highly pathogenic avian influenza means: it kills a lot of birds.<\/p>\n

\u201cThey get sick very quickly and die very quickly,\u201d said Colorado Veterinarian Baldwin. For the last two and a half years, we’ve had single spillover events from wild birds that have been spilling over this virus into our poultry flocks. And what changed significantly is that jump into dairy cattle earlier this year.\u201d<\/p>\n

Because the virus spreads so widely in birds and can spread to humans, infected poultry flocks, like those in commercial egg operation, are culled or put down.<\/p>\n

H5 bird flu was first detected among Colorado cattle in April. Since then, nearly 50% of Colorado herds have tested positive for the virus. What is going on?<\/div>\n

Colorado has what the state vet calls \u201csustained virus\u201d in dairy herds, meaning it\u2019s continually present. It was actually the dairy cows that infected poultry in the state, Baldwin said.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe’ve had three spillover events into three large commercial flocks. Two of those are confirmed that they are the dairy strain. We’re waiting on whole genome sequencing on the last one, but that has impacted three commercial poultry flocks,\u201d Baldwin said. \u201cAnd so this virus right now is not only challenging and putting strain on our dairy industry, but this spillover from dairy to our poultry industry is what is posing a really significant risk.\u201d<\/p>\n

Colorado has begun mandatory testing of all cattle in the state to help control the spread of the virus among herds.<\/p>\n

What is the mandatory testing the state implemented in herds going to tell us?<\/div>\n

The Colorado Department of Agriculture and CDPHE announced July 23 that they are now requiring dairy farmers to submit weekly samples for testing. Colorado is the first state in the U.S. to implement a testing requirement.<\/p>\n

The testing is to get a better handle on how widespread the virus is among cattle.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur goal in implementing the mandatory testing order for the dairies statewide is really to identify what that reservoir of disease is\u201d Baldwin said<\/p>\n

Baldwin said that their current process is to place herds that test positive for the virus in quarantine, then work with cattle owners to \u201cimplement really strong biosecurity measures to try and prevent further spillover from that herd.\u201d<\/p>\n

The state is tracking testing on its website.<\/p>\n

Cows bred for meat do not need to be tested, as H5 bird flu cases have only been confirmed among dairy cattle.<\/p>\n

Back to the poultry problems, what\u2019s happening there?<\/div>\n

It all started pretty recently, with three flocks needing to be culled in Welc County \u2013 the first one was confirmed positive for the virus on July 8. The second one was confirmed on July 16 and the third on July 19.<\/p>\n

State Veterinarian Baldwin said about 3 million laying hens were killed (or \u201cdepopulated\u201d as Baldwin called it). It was more than half the state\u2019s total inventory of laying hens, she said. There were 5.2 million egg-producing hens in Colorado two years ago. She said two of the facilities where flocks were culled were egg laying operations.<\/p>\n

\u201cThey were, I believe, our two largest egg laying facilities in the state. And the third one was a commercial pullet facility. Pullets are the baby birds before they become laying hens.\u201d Baldwin said.<\/p>\n

What happens to the farms and facilities that have to kill their flocks?<\/div>\n

There is compensation and USDA has a program in place. Gov. Jared Polis declared a disaster emergency after the first outbreak was detected at a large commercial egg operation in Weld County. That freed up state resources to help agriculture officials and farmers respond to the situation.<\/p>\n

\u201cSo they are provided indemnity for the lost birds as well as the lost eggs at that facility. And they’re also provided compensation for all of the activities associated with response to the disease,\u201d said Baldwin.<\/p>\n

We know about virus evolution and mutations from the COVID-19 pandemic \u2013 how will this virus mutate over time?<\/div>\n

No one knows, but if the COVID-19 pandemic has taught anything, it\u2019s that viruses can spread widely, around the world, like wildfire and that protective measures can help greatly avoid the worst.<\/p>\n

To read more stories from Colorado Public Radio, visit www.cpr.org<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

– Chickens stand in their cages at a farm, in Iowa, Nov. 16, 2009. Four more people, all Colorado poultry workers, have been diagnosed with bird flu infections, health officials said late Sunday, June 14, 2024. The new cases are the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth in the United States diagnosed with the bird […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26448,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[1894,120,28,61,1484],"naviga_topic":[],"class_list":["post-26447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-birding","tag-colorado","tag-headlines","tag-health","tag-illness"],"acf":[],"author_name":"dh_admin","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dh.durangoherald.com\/tj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dh.durangoherald.com\/tj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dh.durangoherald.com\/tj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dh.durangoherald.com\/tj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dh.durangoherald.com\/tj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26447"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dh.durangoherald.com\/tj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26447\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dh.durangoherald.com\/tj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dh.durangoherald.com\/tj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dh.durangoherald.com\/tj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26447"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dh.durangoherald.com\/tj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26447"},{"taxonomy":"naviga_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dh.durangoherald.com\/tj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/naviga_topic?post=26447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}