<\/p>\n
FLAGSTAFF, Ariz. \u2013 Any great fishing hole depends on the well-being of its bugs.<\/p>\n
In a key stretch of the Colorado River below a dam on the Arizona-Utah border, anglers have been pulling out long, skinny trout that don\u2019t give up much of a fight with a hook in their mouths.<\/p>\n
Turns out, they don\u2019t have enough to eat, scientists say.<\/p>\n
The U.S. Geological Survey are hoping a monthslong experiment to release low, steady flows of water from Glen Canyon Dam will give the eggs that bugs lay just below the water\u2019s surface a better chance at survival. It starts this weekend.<\/p>\n
\u201cFor whatever reason, downstream of Glen Canyon Dam really lacks diversity,\u201d said Scott VanderKooi, who oversees the USGS Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center in Flagstaff.<\/p>\n
Scientists are anticipating a 26 percent increase in black flies and midges by next summer, and the return of bigger bugs seen in other stretches of the Colorado River that largely have disappeared from a prized fishery known as Lees Ferry. When insects thrive, so do fish, bats, birds and other predators, scientists say.<\/p>\n
Insects attach their eggs to hard surfaces like rocks, wood or cattails near the river\u2019s shore. Fluctuations in the water for hydropower create artificial tides that can expose the eggs and dry them out.<\/p>\n
If they\u2019re not back underwater within an hour, they die, said Jeff Muehlbauer, a research ecologist with the Geological Survey.<\/p>\n
The bug flows are part of a larger plan approved in 2016 to manage operations at Glen Canyon Dam, which holds back Lake Powell. The plan allows for high flows to push sand built up in Colorado River tributaries through the Grand Canyon as well as other experiments with the flow that could help non-native trout.<\/p>\n
\u201cIt\u2019s an ongoing endeavor to understand first, what\u2019s the status of all these different resources \u2013 the fish, the sandbars, the cultural resources \u2013 and then making adjustments based on how the ecosystem is changing,\u201d John Hamill said, a volunteer with Trout Unlimited who helped work on the plan.<\/p>\n
The flows won\u2019t change the amount of water the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation must deliver to three states and Mexico. The lower water levels on the weekend would be offset by higher peak flows during the week, the agency said. Still, hydropower is expected to take a $335,000 hit.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe\u2019re not wasting water or anything in the name of bugs,\u201d agency spokesman Chris Watt said. \u201cWe\u2019re using the flows that we\u2019re required to send down the river. We\u2019re just fluctuating when they go to possibly assist the insects.\u201d<\/p>\n
Scientists hope to see positive responses from Glen Canyon Dam to Lake Mead on the Arizona-Nevada border.<\/p>\n
Anglers typically fish a 16-mile stretch of the Colorado River below the dam, either in a walkup area or by taking a boat upstream closer to the dam. While they have caught fish that were hearty and longer than 14 inches, Hamill said the \u201csorry condition\u201d of the fish at times has driven anglers elsewhere.<\/p>\n
\u201cThat\u2019s been a challenge,\u201d he said. \u201cIt hasn\u2019t been a very dependable fishery.\u201d<\/p>\n
When Ted Kennedy started working for the Geological Survey in 2002, other scientists noted the curious lack of stoneflies, caddisflies or mayflies throughout the Grand Canyon and the low numbers of other bugs.<\/p>\n
He began studying the larvae stages of bugs, then asked river guides and students for help studying the adult stages.<\/p>\n
Since 2012, the volunteers have set out plastic containers with a battery-powered black light for an hour each night, luring bugs and tracking the conditions. They deliver bottles of bugs to Geological Survey scientists.<\/p>\n
What they found is that fish have an unstable food source. That means they are longer, skinnier, can\u2019t swim well and don\u2019t have the energy to reproduce or fight.<\/p>\n
\u201cWhen things are bad for midges, there\u2019s not much else to take its place,\u201d said Kennedy, a research ecologist.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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